China s Transformation As A Transformation - 879 Words

China has undergone dramatic change in the past few decades. In contrast to its isolation from the international community in the 50s and 60s, China today is not only a member of virtually every international organization but even has the potential power to question and reshape the structure and norms of the institutions it has joined. No other country has undergone as total a transformation as has China during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The great change could be traced back to 1978 when Deng Xiaoping and his associates launched a reform that has changed the country in all spheres. Under Deng’s leadership, a step-by-step opening policy was introduced concurrently. The government shifted the economic strategy to emphasize the production of goods to sale abroad; five special economic zones were established as means of encouraging foreign investment; the country has joined a large number of UN-affiliated institutions that are setting the ground rules of the 21st c entury in respect of open trade arrangements, security partnerships, arms control regime, war against terrorism, environmental preservation, and defense of human rights (though not without conservation). It is amazing just to learn how much China has changed over this period, but it is also interesting to ask, why did China, a communist country long committed to Maoist autarky, decided to open up to the Western world where social structures and ideology are so fundamentally different? What were some ofShow MoreRelatedChina s Become A Global Superpower And Its Transformation From A Development Aid Recipients767 Words   |  4 Pagesin Chinese Language and Literature. Even after completing my Master s degree in China I could not see the practical use of my studies. However, now I think it has become my strength to comprehend Chinese Language and culture as a student who seeks to research on the International Studies related to China as a Ph.D. candidate. During my study in China, I witnessed China’s emergence as a global superpower and its transformation from a development aid recipient to a donor country. This particularlyRead MoreThe Rise Of The Chinese Economy1441 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational economy. One such location is China, which experienced a major shift from a society revolved around independent sustenance in the agricultural industry into a society revolved around socialism, direct funding for the Chinese government through the Chinese people, and the mass-production of goods with high demand in the global market by co-operatives. Of course, the changes in the workings of the Chinese economy developed from the changes in the politics of China. On the 1st of October 1949, TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Poplar Plantation On The World s Largest Tree Species Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagestree species that is highly amenable to vegetative propagation (Jiaxing et al. 2014), it has a rapid growth rate, which is a good model system for the transformation of woody plant species (Ali-Movahedi et al.2014). These trees are highly beneficial to our environment; their oxygen plays a vital role in the protection of soil erosion in eastern China. They are used as habitat for wildlife, soil carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation. They are able to grow in lowland and highland forestation (BerndRead MoreThe Government Must Maintain Crucial Relationships With The Society1135 Words   |  5 Pages The government must maintain crucial relationships with the society. The leaders uphold the basic rights by guaranteeing people s security and equitable distribution of resources. The Chinese government has implemented several policies that enabled the cooperation between the state and the social organizations. The social organizations, such as NGOs, have a significant role in connecting the state and the society and in enhancing their relationship. They are the extensions of the governmentRead MoreChina, South Korea And Japan864 Words   |  4 PagesChina, South Korea and Japan are three countries which represent successful policies in reversing their economy from central to advanced in a short period of time. These countries are smaller pieces of a puzzle and they compete with the rest of Asia by forming a strong picture. After participating in wars like WWII and the Korean War, China, South Korea, and Japan make a very powerful triangular force that stands for change and the development of a new policy in economy, society and governments.Read MoreJap A Economic Power1184 Words   |  5 PagesJapan s second period of economic development began, millions of former soldiers joined a well-disciplined and highly educated work force to rebuild Japan.† (Ohno, 2006) As you can see, war was the ashes of the economic phoenix that would grow from it. It paved the way for the growth of Japan in an economical sense. Right after the war, many investments were devoted to rebuilding lost industry including: electric, coal, iron, steel, and chemical fertilizer. (Ohno, 2006) By the mid-to-late 1950’s, manufacturingRead MoreThe Decline Of The Industrial Revolution1462 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal economy fr om 1500. Previously China had been at the heart of the international trade yet it did not industrialise first. The economic and societal transformations which occurred in Britain in the period spanning 1770 to 1900 resulted in the formation of the modern capitalist economy. A model replicated in other parts of the world through replication, in the US for instance or forcibly implemented on the population, for example Russia in the 1920s and china in the 1960s. The reasons for theirRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Non Western Culture Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesleads to a greater interdependence and mutual awareness among the people of the world (Tischler, 2011, 2007, p. 430). One non-Western culture that has been impacted by globalization is China. An example of the impact of globalization on China is their economy. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has transformed from a culture that relied on economic self-sufficiency and shunned the thought of globalization to an economy that is progressively more open to trade and foreign investmentRead MoreIndia s Issue Of Kashmir1558 Words   |  7 Pagessupporting them by providing materials as well as financial backing (Schofield, V. 2000). The war between Pakistan and India in 1965 and 1999 see also (Bose, S. 2009) has shown that India and Pakistan are increasing their military power and facing the challenges. On the other hand, China is behind the Pakistan. So India is worrying if USA and China extend their support to Pakistan and Pakistan prepares to attack Kashmir. Indian central politics are also responsible for improving Kashmir case. SoniaRead MoreChina s Economic Growth With Capacity And Influence941 Words   |  4 PagesSince the 1980 s China is a develop country that never stop until now, and will rise to dominate the world in the Twenty First Century. China has a big potential geographic realm, population and natural resource which not else has in the world. Based in China s economic miracle from oriented economy to open market it is presented a transitions economy with more orderly, established, and accommodating that could have been imagined for all of us. It started from zero economy level and will grow may

Analysis Of Gwendolyn Brooks And Robert Hayden s Poetry

Reflective Writing An Analysis of Gwendolyn Brooks and Robert Hayden’s Poetry Many artists are also historians, people who record first-hand experience of history, making note of important events to which many will make reference. Artist do this through music, writing, and orally through passed-down stories and legends. In the area of writing, there are many different types which display historical understanding. These categories divide into poems, prose, short stories, and long stories. The category which touches more on the personal and emotional side of historical reference is poetry. Two major poets, born about by the Harlem Renaissance which nurtured many new artists, predominately black, were Gwendolyn Brooks and Robert Hayden. These two poets and writers were greatly influenced by the Harlem Renaissance, a time in which African Americans were displaying their capabilities in the department of entertainment. Their poetry captures two main ideas in that it reflects struggles faced by African Americans in that time, and expresses universal human longings. Two poems to which the focus will be geared are Gwendolyn Brooks’ â€Å"The Explorer,† and Robert Hayden’s, â€Å"Frederick Douglass.† Each of these poems recognize the subservient nature black people were forced into. These texts also display the want each person has for individuality through freedom. These poets are wonderful examples of historians through poetry, because each of these poems contains abundant information andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Message From Mirror, Courage, Explore, Douglas1234 Words   |  5 PagesAn analysis of 1 message from Mirror, Courage, Explore, Douglas â€Å"Live life to the fullest because you only get to live once.† Life is full of ups and downs and it will not always be perfect but if you live life great and look at it optimistically then it will be great. Life goes fast and is some moments of it you blink and the memory is gone. We need to look at life like it is great and easy. Take high school for example as you live in it, it is horrible and sucks but if you ask other people they

Financial Accounting Budget for Operational And Behavioural Benefits

Question: Describe several operational and behavioural benefits that are generally attributed to a participative budgetary process. Identify at least four deficiencies in Jack Rileys participative policy for planning and performance evaluation purposes. For each deficiency identified, recommend how it can be corrected. Answer: Describe several operational and behavioural benefits that are generally attributed to a participative budgetary process. Budgetary process refers to the system with which the government creates and approves budget. Budgeting is the means to allocate funds and limit of expenditure for a particular department. It set a limit and allocates particular amount for working and development of a particular department or sector. It is a very important tool which helps the organisations and also the government to have a check on funds utilised. A budget if properly prepared helps to provide operational and productive efficiencies in all divisions of an organisation (Horngren, 2013). There are both behavioural and operational benefits of budgeting process. The behavioural benefits of budgetary process involves that it ensures that all the important issues in connection with an expense are included. This process also helps to ensure that the employees understand the importance of their roles in meeting the organisations goal and they put in more effort to fulfil their responsibilities. The budgetary process provides the organisation with an opportunity to solve problems which are most of the time not noticed by anyone (Drury, 2011). The employees are also motivated to fulfil their goals with the help of budgetary process; it gives them an initiative and a goal with the motivation to achieve it. The most important benefit of budgetary process is that it makes the people at all levels in an organisation feel that their opinion is important to the top management in their decision making. The operational benefit of the budgetary process is that it helps to improve the effectiveness of the spending by creating better investment opportunities for the organisation. With the flow of time, the management gets used to budget and actual figures, which helps them create budget which are very accurate. The budget process strengthens the overall financial planning of an organisation (Drury, 2011). Therefore we see that budgetary process not effects the finance department but it also helps the organisation to improve its operational effectiveness. The budgetary process helps the organisation improve all its functions by cutting expenses and investing more wherever required (Williams, 2011). The whole process of budgeting helps to provide control over ones money and focus on money goals by involving participation of all the levels of an organisation. Identify at least four deficiencies in Jack Rileys participative policy for planning and performance evaluation purposes. For each deficiency identified, recommend how it can be corrected. In the above problem we see that Jack Riley believes that participation from all the divisions would motivate its managers and help to improve productivity. Though his contentions are correct, still there lie a few deficiencies in Jacks planning. The first deficiency which can be easily noticed is that the appropriation Target for each division seems to be arbitrarily determined. In order to overcome this deficiency, Mr, Riley can use appropriate methodology in order to determine appropriation target for all the divisions. Allocation made to the divisions should be made on basis of their performance, input/output or future possibilities of expansion (Graham Smart, 2012). Therefore, the appropriation target is required to be more properly defined. Secondly, we see that there is lack of quantitative analysis for performance evaluations and financing. For example, sales can be taken as the basis of performance evaluation. The division with the most proper quantitative performance evaluation should be rewarded. Therefore, the organisation should develop a quantitative measure to evaluate fiscal performance and evaluations, and use them for allocation and distribution of rewards for the division with best performance (Albrecht et. al, 2011). Thirdly, in Mr. Rileys approach we see that it lacks the point that fiscal responsibility could be encouraged as a method of performance evaluation procedure. In order to make fiscal responsibility a tool for performance evaluation procedure, the share of financial savings should be distributed with the mangers that are more fiscally responsible (Albrecht et. al, 2011). This can be done with the help of bonus programmes. Lastly, we can say that the division managers may be arbitrarily determining their department budgets. The mangers should be recommended to use the minimum level approach which is most suitable to their respective divisions. Preparation of individual budget is as important as the total budget. Any miscalculations in individual budget will affect the overall financial plan of the organisation (Graham Smart, 2012). Therefore above are the few deficiencies and recommendations for the same for Jack Rileys approach for budgetary process. If they are effectively implied then it may be advantageous to the whole division of social services for the state. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. and Stice, J. (2011). Financial accounting. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Drury, C. (2011).Cost and management accounting. Andover, Hampshire, UK: South-Western Cengage Learning. Graham, J. and Smart, S. (2012) Introduction to corporate finance. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C. (2013)Financial accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Williams, J. (2012).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Strategic Planning Essays - Management, Strategic Management

Strategic Planning MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ESSAY 1998/99 The development of a strategic plan is essential to the achievement of organisational goals. Discuss. The development of a strategic plan is an essential part of strategic management accounting. If carried out to its full credibility the organisation will achieve its goals. It is important to note that the strategic plan is set for long term planning, as much as 3-5 years. It has been established that a strategic plan requires the specification of objectives distinguished between three key elements, forming a hierarchy: the mission of an organisation, corporate objectives and unit objectives. These objectives are the first stage of the strategic plan, before the organisation has to ask, and answer, three simple but vital questions; 1) Where are we now? 2) Where do we want to be? (long term) 3) How are we going to get there? This is where we bring analysis such as SWOT analysis, the Boston matrix, the value chain and the Ansoff matrix into the plan. Corporate objectives relate to the organisation as a whole. They are expressed in financial terms, such as desired profit or sales levels, return on capital employed (ROCE), rates of growth or market share, and are normally measurable in some way. Formulated by members of the board, or directors to be handed down to senior management. United Biscuits corporate objectives in their annual report of 1985 were; 'The most important objective remains the achievement of a minimum return of 20% on average capital employees, with a target return of 25%'.2 Unit objectives relate to the specific objectives of individual units within the organisation, such as a division or one company within a holding company. The unit objectives for costain group plc in their annual report of 1986 were; 'In the UK costain Homes is budgeted to sell 2'500 homes in 1987, - a figure that will put it among the top ten house builders'.3 Before the corporate and unit objectives are incorporated one must start with the mission, and the basic concepts which involve vision statement, mission statement, goals and objectives. The first thing is to establish the long-term strategic aims of the organisation, otherwise known as corporate planning. A vision statement would be drawn up first and is simply a vague sentence expressing the positive effect it will have on society and is often used to say how the 'world will become a better place due to the existence of the proposal(s). This is often linked with the mission statement, and some companies may even omit the vision and focus only on the mission. This emphasis more on the specific role that the organisation plans. It describes in very general terms the broad purpose and reason for its existence, the nature of the business(es) it is in, and the customers it seeks to serve and satisfy over the long run. The mission statement for international company 'Virgin' is very simple, very brief but informative as to what they wanted to put across, and is simply; 'The directors aim to develop virgin into the leading British international media and entertainment group'.4 Equally important are the goals and objectives. Firstly the organisational goals, the aims that the company strives to incorporate and achieve. These are a more detailed breakdown of what the mission states. They will be defined for different groups of shareholders. As one would expect, organisational goals are established for shorter time frames and are of unquantified sources. Goals can be a little ambiguous, they can be expressed in simple terms, for example, to make a profit, or in a wider area, to increase productivity. Therefore such goals can be taken for granted and so tell us little about the emphasis placed on the various activities of the organisation in meeting those goals. On the other hand one can say how vitally important they are. They provide a basis for planning and management control, guidelines for decision making and justification for the actions taken. The goals that the company set out in their report will be different to that received by the individuals, group s or departments of that same company. The goals will help to develop commitment of these people and so focuses attention on purposeful behaviour providing a basis for motivation and rewards. Fig 1: FORMAL GOALS Personal goals of